Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion surgery reduce the need for harvesting the patient's own bone, minimizing associated risks and pain while enhancing fusion rates. These substitutes include Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM), Synthetic Bone Graft Extenders, and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP). DBM, derived from allograft bone, contains proteins that promote bone formation and can be used with the patient's own bone. Synthetic materials like ceramics and calcium phosphates mimic cadaver bone properties and may require combining with bone marrow cells. BMPs, such as BMP-2, stimulate bone growth and have shown promising results in clinical trials.

A laminoplasty is a surgical procedure to enlarge the spinal canal and relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. It's used for conditions like cervical spondylotic myelopathy and cervical stenosis. The procedure involves creating a hinge on one side of the lamina and propping it open with a bone strut or metallic plate, alleviating symptoms such as pain, weakness, or numbness in the arms or legs. Performed under general anesthesia, it requires an incision in the back of the neck to access the spinal column and open up the spinal canal. A foraminotomy may also be done to further relieve nerve root pressure.

Achilles tendon repair surgery addresses damage to the Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body connecting calf muscles to the heel, crucial for walking, running, and jumping. Injury can occur from sudden force or repetitive stress, leading to tendon tears or degeneration known as tendinitis or tendinopathy. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited foot movement. Surgery may be necessary to repair a tear or address severe degeneration, restoring tendon function and alleviating symptoms.

Neck and back pain are common complaints stemming from poor posture, injury, or degenerative conditions like arthritis. Symptoms may include stiffness, radiating pain, tingling, or weakness. Treatment options range from pain medications and physical therapy to injections and surgery, depending on the severity and cause of the pain. Home remedies like heat or cold therapy, massage, and acupuncture can provide relief, while exercises focusing on stretching, strengthening, and maintaining good posture can help prevent and alleviate pain. Dr. Priyank Patel, an experienced orthopedic surgeon and spine specialist in Thane, offers personalized treatment plans using the latest techniques and technologies to address neck and back pain effectively.

Sciatica, a condition characterized by pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, typically affects the lower back, buttocks, and legs. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include pain medications, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, and in some cases, surgery. The goal of treatment is to alleviate pain, improve mobility, and address any underlying issues contributing to the condition. It's essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of sciatica to seek medical evaluation to determine the most appropriate course of treatment.

Vertebral augmentation procedures, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, involve injecting bone cement into fractured vertebrae to relieve back pain from compression fractures. Recent studies suggest these procedures may not be effective, with pain relief possibly due to the placebo effect. As of 2019, routine use is not recommended. Vertebroplasty involves injecting cement directly into the fractured vertebra for stabilization, while kyphoplasty first attempts to restore vertebral height before cement injection.